BioLLM Wiki β€Ί Mechanisms & Targets

Immunotherapy

The papers investigate immunotherapy and biomarkers across bladder cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. They examine PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, including combinations with chemotherapy, probiotic bacteria carrying collagenases and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The studies also develop prognostic or treatment-response models using single-cell RNA sequencing, immune-infiltration analyses, inflammatory blood indices, CT-based radiomics, gene-expression data, and mutation information, and investigate macrophage-related tumor biology and oncogenic collagen in the tumor microenvironment.

Papers
7,531
Jan 2024 – Aug 2026
2024 share
5.84%
of the month's papers, on average
2025 share
6.21%
of the month's papers, on average
2026 share
7.25%
of the month's papers, on average
Change
β–² +24.1%
2024 β†’ 2026, relative

Share of papers by month

Peak 10.81% in Apr 2026. Month-by-month values and sub-terms are on Keyword Trends.

Jan 2024Aug 2026

Checkpoint therapy and biomarkers

Studies included pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in previously untreated metastatic NSCLC with PD-L1 TPS below 1%, cemiplimab in metastatic or locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and first-line lenvatinib plus a PD-1 inhibitor in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (38642841, 39245360, 39153177). Predictive models and signatures included a hematologic-marker nomogram for evaluating anti-PD-1/PD-L1 efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an 18-gene glycolysis-associated bladder-cancer signature evaluated for prognosis, immunotherapeutic responsiveness, and chemotherapy sensitivity in external cohorts, and a CKS1B+ tumor-cell-derived prognostic and immunotherapeutic signature associated with lung adenocarcinoma treatment response (38710900, 39867879, 38946232).

πŸ“„ Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer β†—πŸ“„ Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology β†—πŸ“„ Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico β†—πŸ“„ Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico β†—πŸ“„ Frontiers in immunology β†—πŸ“„ Cell proliferation β†—

Engineered immune cells

Several studies modify immune effector cells to improve tumor killing or overcome suppressive signals. CAR T cells engineered with E3-ligase degraders targeting SMAD2/3 were less susceptible to TGF-Ξ² suppression, while BCKDK overexpression reprogrammed branched-chain amino-acid metabolism, improved CAR-T lysis, and prolonged survival in mice in vivo (37989314, 38734897). Other work developed mesothelin CAR-NK cells from human embryonic stem cells, evaluated standard-therapy brexucabtagene autoleucel in relapsed/refractory B-ALL, and used plasma cytokine and chemokine profiles to predict CAR-T responses and toxicities in large B-cell lymphoma (39136096, 39418622, 40113544).

πŸ“„ Cell chemical biology β†—πŸ“„ Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy β†—πŸ“„ Cell proliferation β†—πŸ“„ Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology β†—πŸ“„ Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia β†—

Nanomedicine and combination therapy

Nanomedicine studies combine immune activation with immunogenic cell death or remodeling of tumor extracellular-matrix and stromal barriers. ECN-based nanodrug–bacteria conjugates carried collagenases and anti-PD-L1 antibodies to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue, where collagenase release degraded oncogenic collagen and synergized with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, while other systems paired doxorubicin-induced immunogenic cell death with CpG in an intratumorally administered nanoparticle tested in an aggressive mouse melanoma model, delivered patient-derived melanoma neoantigens using PEI-functionalized PLGA nanoparticles coated with poly(I:C), or combined imiquimod vesicles with oxaliplatin to reduce tumor size and increase CD8+ T-cell infiltration in a CT26 liver-metastasis model (38521069, 38499244, 38427275, 40525653). Another nanodisruptor inhibited tumor-cell glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant pathways to enhance photodynamic-therapy-induced immunogenic cell death, and ICyM2 combined the photosensitizer ICyOH with the STING agonist MSA-2; ICyOH disrupted cancer-associated-fibroblast-mediated stromal barriers and triggered immunogenic cell death, while MSA-2 amplified ICD-derived antigenic signaling in pancreatic cancer (38897030, 41454716).

πŸ“„ Med (New York, N.Y.) β†—πŸ“„ Journal of advanced research β†—πŸ“„ Drug delivery and translational research β†—πŸ“„ Advanced healthcare materials β†—πŸ“„ Biomaterials β†—πŸ“„ Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) β†—

Resistance and immune toxicity

The studies also examine why immunotherapy fails or produces unintended immune effects. In a mouse model of gastric-cancer peritoneal dissemination, adding a Janus kinase inhibitor was investigated as a strategy to overcome resistance to anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 treatment, while antibiotics were evaluated for their association with outcomes in metastatic NSCLC patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (38805119, 39302841). Pharmacovigilance and case reports describe checkpoint-associated cytokine release syndrome, corneal-graft rejection after durvalumab, bilateral choroidal neovascularization during nivolumab, and eosinophil-related adverse events after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (39051882, 39075873, 40591827, 40065495).

πŸ“„ Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association β†—πŸ“„ European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) β†—πŸ“„ Expert opinion on drug safety β†—πŸ“„ Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) β†—πŸ“„ Ocular immunology and inflammation β†—πŸ“„ International journal of cancer β†—

Allergen immunotherapy

Studies evaluated immunotherapy for allergic disease. In children with asthma, subcutaneous immunotherapy combined with omalizumab was compared with immunotherapy alone and standard asthma medications using Asthma Control Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale scores, lung function, medication scores, and adverse reactions; another randomized study evaluated coseasonal Artemisia annua sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (38888746, 39611955). A Der f 2/Zen 1-LAMP-based DNA vaccine was also administered intradermally to dogs with nonseasonal atopic dermatitis sensitized to Dermatophagoides farinae, with pruritus, CADESI-04, average daily medication scores, and adverse events recorded over 24 weeks (41287364).

πŸ“„ The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma β†—πŸ“„ European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery β†—πŸ“„ Veterinary dermatology β†—

Written by gpt-5.6-luna from 96 of this keyword's papers, a few from every whole month through Aug 2026; every paragraph was checked against the abstracts it cites. A paper counts for the keyword when its title, abstract, keywords or MeSH headings match the keyword's terms. Not medical advice; see the Disclaimer.