Molecular and AI signatures
Several studies construct computational prognostic tools from tumor molecular or imaging data. In bladder cancer, an 18-gene glycolysis-associated signature was derived with LASSO Cox regression from fused TCGA and GEO cohorts and externally validated across four cohorts for prognosis, immune infiltration, immunotherapeutic responsiveness, and chemotherapeutic sensitivity (PMID 39867879). In lung adenocarcinoma, marker genes from a CKS1B+ tumor-cell cluster were used to build a prognostic and immunotherapeutic signature that outperformed 144 published signatures and predicted genomic alterations, chemotherapy sensitivity, and immunotherapy responses (PMID 38946232). A digital pathology-derived multimodal artificial-intelligence score was evaluated in the CHAARTED metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cohort for associations with overall survival, clinical progression, and castration-resistant prostate cancer, while a cross-modal hypergraph neural network using hypergraph transfer learning predicted clear-cell renal cell carcinoma survival from CT images alone with performance comparable to pathological assessment (PMIDs 39665917, 40602207).
📄 Frontiers in immunology ↗📄 Cell proliferation ↗📄 European urology oncology ↗📄 Medical image analysis ↗
Clinical prognostic biomarkers
Physiologic and laboratory measures are evaluated as predictors of clinical outcomes. In the Rotterdam Study, aortic stiffness was independently associated with coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality, with predictive performance assessed by age and sex (PMID 39196691). Fecal calprotectin was tested in hospitalized patients with advanced chronic liver disease for 180-day death or liver transplantation and for refinement of existing prognostic stratification, while urinary renal tubular epithelial cells and casts were assessed as predictors of renal outcomes in biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy (PMIDs 39031494, 39031241). In soft-tissue sarcoma, pretreatment Prognostic Nutritional Index values were compared with overall survival using Kaplan-Meier and regression analyses (PMID 39294093).
📄 Journal of hypertension ↗📄 United European gastroenterology journal ↗📄 Journal of nephrology ↗📄 Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association ↗
Treatment and survival outcomes
The cited studies evaluated treatment efficacy, safety, quality of life, and survival outcomes. The PRIMA trial analysis examined progression-free survival, safety, and health-related quality of life for first-line niraparib maintenance versus placebo in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer younger than 65 or at least 65 years old (PMID 38833992). NRG-GY005 compared cediranib, olaparib, their combination, and standard-of-care chemotherapy in platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory epithelial ovarian cancer using progression-free and overall survival endpoints, while a real-world multiple myeloma study found longer median progression-free survival with bispecific T-cell engagers than matched standard care (PMIDs 39361946, 39608453). A prospective Chinese cohort evaluated complications, outcomes, and survival after MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for recurrent high-grade glioma, including estimated one-year overall survival (PMID 39579332).
📄 Gynecologic oncology ↗📄 Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology ↗📄 Transplantation and cellular therapy ↗📄 Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico ↗
Transplant and mortality risk
Transplant and neonatal studies examined survival in relation to pre-HSCT disease activity, social determinants and transplant access, ACLF precipitant and etiology, and clinical predictors. A European retrospective study of HSCT for CTLA-4 insufficiency measured overall survival, disease-free and chronic graft-versus-host-disease-free survival, and examined pre-HSCT CTLA-4-Ig therapy and immune dysregulation in relation to survival (PMID 39218359). In hepatocellular carcinoma, social determinants such as race, ethnicity, gender, insurance, neighborhood deprivation, and marital status were analyzed alongside failure to complete the liver-transplant pathway, waitlisting, and mortality (PMID 40764459). A multicenter cohort of acute-on-chronic liver failure patients undergoing liver transplantation compared one-year post-transplant survival according to alcohol-associated hepatitis as the precipitant and the underlying chronic liver disease etiology (PMID 40891958). Machine-learning models in 8,080 extremely preterm infants were developed to predict survival to hospital discharge and compared with CRIB-based prediction (PMID 42287929).
📄 The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology ↗📄 Digestive diseases and sciences ↗📄 Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society ↗📄 Computers in biology and medicine ↗